Cape Verde ( Portuguese : Cabo Verde ), formally the Republic of Cape Verde , is a state comprising an island group in the Atlantic , about 500 kilometers west of the Cape Verde peninsula in the African mainland.
The islands were discovered in 1456 by Portuguese seafarers and were then uninhabited[4]. In 1462, the islands became a Portuguese colony. Gradually, they became trading centers for African slaves and later an important fuel depot for ships and aircraft.
After a period of liberation struggle led by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau became independent in 1975. At first, there was a form of union between the countries, but after a coup d’état in Guinea-Bissau in 1980, the union was dissolved.
The country’s first president, Aristides Pereira, introduced a one-party system and ruled the country autocratically until several parties were allowed to participate in the 1990 elections, Pereira was defeated in the election by opposition leader António Mascarenhas Monteiro who took office as the new president in 1991.
Since then, Cape Verde has been one of Africa’s most stable democracies. In the latter half of the 1900s, repeated dry spells affected Cape Verde, and led to a great emigration. The result is that the number of expatriate Cape Verdeans is greater than the number who remain.
Cape Verde has a total land area of just over 4,000 km². Nine of the ten islands are inhabited. The country’s capital Praia is located on the island of Santiago.
The different islands that Cape Verde consists of all have their special geography, for example, the island of Santo Antão is filled with green valleys and mountains, while, for example, the island of Boa Vista (beautiful view) is relatively flat in character. However, the country is mostly mountainous and rocky, deeply scarred by erosion and volcanic activity.
The country reaches, with the volcano Pico on the island of Fogo, a maximum height of 2,829 meters above sea level. At Pico’s last eruption in April 1995, thousands of people were evacuated from the villages closest to the mountain. All the islands, except Sal, Boa Vista and Maio, rise steeply and high out of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Cape Verde eagle is divided into two groups, the northern Barlavento – the islands in the province – and the southern Sotavento – the islands in the lee – according to their location in relation to the northeast winds that blow the most all the time.
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