Central African Republic is a republic in central Africa , just north of the equator . The country borders on Chad in the north, Sudan and South Sudan in the northeast, Congo-Kinshasa and Congo-Brazzaville in the south and in Cameroon in the west. The country has an area of about 623,000 km² and has approximately 4.6 million inhabitants (2012). The capital is Banguiwith 568 500 inhabitants (2010). Central African Republic lacks coast .
The country consists mostly of a hilly plateau country, with several rivers flooded during the rainy season. The climate is a tropical rainforest and savannah climate . It is one of Africa’s least developed countries, and in 1995 had a GDP per capita of US $ 340. Large parts of the population are employed in agriculture , which is mainly self-catering agriculture .
The country was a French colony named Oubangui-Chari until 1958, and became an independent republic in 1960. Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa took power in 1966 and proclaimed himself emperor of the Central African Empire in 1976. It became republic in 1979 when Bokassa was overthrown. The opposition to the one-party system led to free elections held in 1993, and Ange-Félix Patassé was elected president.
During the 1990s, parts of the armed forces repeatedly rebelled, and a pan-African peace force was set in 1997 to monitor the ceasefire. However, the situation has remained unsettled and explosive, with a number of rebel groups conflicting with each other about the country’s rich natural resources. Many live on the starvation limit and the situation has been described (2019) as the second largest ongoing humanitarian disaster in the world after that in Somalia .
The Central African Republic is a landlocked state in the border zone between savanna and rainforest with a tropical climate. The country consists mostly of a savannah-covered high plateau, a bedrock threshold of 600–900 meters above sea level, between the Congo and Chad rivers.
This plateau forms the watershed between three of Africa’s largest water systems: the Congo River, Lake Chad, and the Nile. The country is drained to the north by the Chari River with its tributaries, and to the south by the border river Oubangui, which is a tributary of the Congo River and an important communication route to Brazzaville.
The high plateau is surrounded by elevations, including the Bongo massif in the northeast, which reaches 1,400 meters above sea level. In the east there is steppe, in the south rainforest on the border river Oubangui. The soil consists mostly of red clay soil and laterite.
The lowest point is the Oubangui River, 335 meters above sea level, and the highest Mont Ngaoui on the border with Cameroon, 1,420 meters above sea level.
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