Mali , formally the Republic of Mali ( French : République du Mali ), is a coastal state in West Africa . Mali, the seventh largest country in Africa , borders on Algeria in the north, Niger in the east, Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast in the south, Guinea in the southwest and Senegal and Mauritania in the west. The population was 18.54 million inhabitants at the 2017 census .
Mali is made up of 8 regions, which reach far into central Sahara in the north , while the southern parts of the country, where the majority of the population lives, are characterized by the Niger and Senegal rivers . The country’s economic structure revolves around agriculture and fishing . Mali’s natural resources include gold , uranium and salt . Mali is believed to be one of the poorest countries in the world.
In prehistoric times, Mali was part of the three West African empires that controlled the trans-Saharan trade : the Ghanaian , the Malirian (from which Mali is named) and the Songhairik . In the late 1800s , Mali came under French control as part of French Sudan . In 1959 , Mali received independence together with Senegal as the Mali Federation. A year later, the Mali Federation became the independent Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic multi-party state.
After a military coup on March 22, 2012, the Malian president was set aside. Mali is now de facto divided into two parts, a northern and a southern part along the city of Mopti. The Tuareggerillan has proclaimed the northern part of Mali to its own state, Azawad , in a similar way as South Sudan did in 2011 from northern Sudan. The new Mali is just one third as large as the surface of the former country and still has Bamako as its capital. The civil war that preceded the division of the country has been going on for several years and largely has religious and cultural causes, with the Islamist MNLA guerrilla in the north and the population in the south. See the text during the conflict in Mali 2012 .
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