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South Africa

South Africa Casino
Republic of South Africa
Motto: “ǃke e꞉ ǀxarra ǁke” (ǀXam) “Unity in Diversity”

South Africa ( English : South Africa ), formally the Republic of South Africa ( English : Republic of South Africa ), is a republic and sovereign state in Africa , the far south on the African continent. The country has coast to the Indian Ocean in the east and the Atlantic in the west, and borders north to Namibia , Botswana and Zimbabwe , to the east to Mozambique andSwaziland . Lesotho is an enclave in the eastern part of South Africa. South Africa also includes the uninhabited islands of Prince Edward Island and Marion Island in the Indian Ocean, some 1,900 km southeast of Cape Town . In 1990 , Namibia became independent from South Africa. After a transitional period of split rule, in 1994, the South African exclave , the strategically important deep-sea port of Walvis Bay, was returned to Namibia.

The landscape is dominated by a large inland plateau with surrounding mountain areas. Along the coast lies a low, narrow coastal zone. The climate is subtropical and humid on the east coast, and temperate and drier on the plateau in the west. South Africa is very mineral rich, and has a well-developed industry and infrastructure. The country plays a significant political and economic role in the region.

The South African Union was established in 1910 , when the two state states of the Oranjestate and Transvaal were merged with the British possessions of the Cape and Natal , through the South Africa Act 1909 . The country had the status of a dominion in the British Commonwealth until the 1961 proclaimed itself the Republic and must withdraw from the Commonwealth.

From the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960 and intensified in the 1980s, an international campaign was conducted in the United Nations to isolate South Africa because of its then apartheid policy , and the country was excluded from several international organizations and events, including the Olympic Games .

Apartheid was abolished during the FW de Klerks government from 1990. The so-called bantustans (“homelands”, areas of South Africa referring to the black of the country), including the formally independent republics of Bophuthatswana , Ciskei , Transkei and Venda , were dissolved and incorporated in South Africa in 1993 . Since 1994 , the country is governed by democratic principles, as elections with universal suffrage replaced the racist census rules introduced during apartheid, which completely excluded the black majority (before 1984 also asians and so-called colored, ie, South Africans of mixed descent).

Capital
Pretoria (executive)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Cape Town (legislative)
Largest city Johannesburg

Republic of South Africa
10 other official names
Zulu: iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika
Xhosa: iRiphabliki yomZantsi Afrika
Afrikaans: Republiek van Suid-Afrika
Northern Sotho: Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa
Tswana: Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa
Southern Sotho: Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa
Tsonga: Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga
Swazi: iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika
Venda: Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe
Southern Ndebele: iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika

South Africa is a popular tourist destination, and a substantial amount of revenue comes from tourism. The official marketing agency for the country South African Tourism is responsible for marketing South Africa to the world. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council, the tourism industry directly contributed ZAR 102 billion to South African GDP in 2012, and supports 10.3% of jobs in the country. The official national marketing agency of the South African government, with the goal of promoting tourism in South Africa both locally and globally is known as South African Tourism.

South Africa offers both domestic and international tourists a wide variety of options, among others the picturesque natural landscape and game reserves, diverse cultural heritage and highly regarded wines. Some of the most popular destinations include several national parks, such as the expansive Kruger National Park in the north of the country, the coastlines and beaches of the KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces, and the major cities like Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban.

According to Statistics South Africa’s latest Tourism and Migration Survey, almost 3,5 million travellers passed through the country’s ports of entry in August 2017. The top five overseas countries with the largest number of tourists visiting South Africa were the USA, UK, Germany, the Netherlands and France. Most of the tourists arriving in South Africa from elsewhere in Africa came from SADC countries. Zimbabwe tops the list at 31%, followed by Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland and Botswana. In addition, Nigeria was the country of origin for nearly 30% of tourists arriving in South Africa.

Ecotourism is the concept of responsible trips and travel to areas that might be protected and especially fragile. The intent is to create as little detrimental impact on the environment as possible. South Africa has used ecotourism to sustain and improve its immense biodiversity, as well as invigorate its economy. Tourism is the fourth largest generator of foreign exchange in South Africa, and ecotourism is the idea of encouraging visitors while promoting and supporting a country’s biodiversity. South Africa contains a lot of biodiversity, and so ecotourism is a way for the country to benefit from wildlife in a non-consumptive and legal manner as opposed to illegal activities like poaching and trafficking for the international wildlife trade.

South Africa is ranked sixth out of the world’s seventeen megadiverse countries and is home to a large variety of animal life. Among the large mammals found in the northern bushveld include lions, leopards, cheetahs, white rhinoceroses, blue wildebeest, kudus, impalas, hyenas, hippopotamuses and giraffes. A significant extent of the bushveld exists in the north-east, including the Kruger National Park, one of the largest game reserves in Africa, and the Sabi Sand Game Reserve. The Kruger National Park, established in 1926, is one of the most visited national parks in the country, with a total of 1 659 793 visitors in the 2014/15 period.

The country is also particularly rich in plant diversity, with a wide variety of biomes found across the country. These include the grasslands in the Highveld, the succulent Karoo in central South Africa, and the endemic fynbos biome, constituting the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape floristic region of the Western Cape. This rare vegetation is protected as part of the Table Mountain National Park (which also includes the iconic flat-topped Table Mountain), which was the most-visited national park in South Africa in 2014/15, with a total of 2 677 767 visitors.

Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa. It covers an area of 19,485 km2 (7,523 sq mi) in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in northeastern South Africa, and extends 360 km (220 mi) from north to south and 65 km (40 mi) from east to west. The administrative headquarters are in Skukuza. Areas of the park were first protected by the government of the South African Republic in 1898, and it became South Africa’s first national park in 1926.

To the west and south of the Kruger National Park are the two South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga. In the north is Zimbabwe, and to the east is Mozambique. It is now part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, a peace park that links Kruger National Park with the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe, and with the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique.

The park is part of the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere an area designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as an International Man and Biosphere Reserve (the “Biosphere”).

The park has nine main gates allowing entrance to the different camps.